1.- Darwinian thinking.

unfortunate conclusions, which did not take into account social conditions or cultural differences.

2.- mental deficiency or biological and constitutional dispositions dominated early psychological criminology.

Those who have often been strongly influenced¬¬¬ unfortunate conclusions, which did not take into account social conditions or cultural differences.

3.- repeatedly found that most juvenile and adult offenders were mentally deficient.

Therefore, theoretical orientations focusing mental deficiency or biological and constitutional dispositions dominated early psychological criminology.

4.- crime.

Psychologists like Goddard¬¬¬ repeatedly found that most juvenile and adult offenders were mentally deficient.

5.- history of psychology, few scholars have ventured to offer comprehensive theories on crime or delinquent behavior.

They presumably resorted to more “primitive” ways of meeting their needs, such¬¬¬ crime.

6.- In history of psychology, few scholars have ventured to offer comprehensive theories on crime or delinquent behavior.